The European Network and Information Security Agency (“ENISA”) released a position paper on some of the concerns associated with existing virtual worlds, mmorpgs and where these environments are headed.
Overall it is a good introductory paper and worth a read for anyone looking for a broad overview on some of the existing scenarios, as well as some of the “potential threats” that could occur involving these platforms.
I specifically liked how the paper tries to address both criminal and civil concerns. It also sheds light on issues relating to both individuals (i.e. privacy, identity theft) and entities (intellectual property issues, leak of confidential information).
In addition to its secondary source research the ENISA also conducted a survey of 1,500 users of VWs and MMORPGs to reach their findings.
Some highlights that the report mentions:
*Project Entropia, a MMO/VW where assets and property-rights are well-defined, claimed an annual in-world turnover of US$ 360 million in 2006.
*The largest segment of the MMO/VW economy takes place outside the allowed limits of the MMO/VW (much of it not officially sanctioned by the world’s EULA), ie, on the black market.
*Total global real money trades (RMT) in MMO/VWs were recently estimated at US$ 2 billion.
*An analyst referenced in a Wall Street Journal article predicted that “non-subscription revenues” from the volume of real-money trades (RMT) on the virtual items market will reach US$5 billion by 2007.
*The report estimates that there are nearly 1 billion registered users of MMO/VWs world wide.
*The most important security threat to MMO/VWs is the theft of virtual assets using identity theft. The ENISA survey (18) showed that 30% of all users had lost something of value and only 25% of those had recovered the items. The most common way of achieving this is to steal a character’s account credentials (username and password) and log into their account.
The report touches on money laundering in the context of credit cards (specifically charge backs) but mentions that the scenario is only a theoretical possibility as no actual cases have been reported.
Interestingly, the report does not mention the recent break up of a Korean money laundering ring. According to the article from the English version of donga.com the ring had laundered $38 million using a combination of virtual currency, virtual item brokerages and of course willing participants and their bank accounts.
I haven’t found a copy of the actual police report to the media or any kind of public finding identifying the charges. If any one that has access to any kind of “official” version verifying these reports I would greatly appreciate a copy.
It is likely that the ENISA report was drafted prior to the release of the South Korean case or alternatively because they have not been able to verify the information independently.
I would like to thank Susheel Gupta, a Federal Prosecutor with the Department of Justice of Canada for providing me with this paper. Sush is an expert on computer crime and a fellow member of the Ottawa Chapter of the HTCIA, among his many other endeavors.